Copper as a Robust and Transparent Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation

Copper metal is in theory a viable oxidative electrocatalyst based on surface oxidation to Cu^III and/or Cu^IV, but its use in water oxidation has been impeded by anodic corrosion. The in situ formation of an efficient interfacial oxygen‐evolving Cu catalyst from Cu^II in concentrated carbonate solutions is presented. The catalyst necessitates use of dissolved Cu^II and accesses the higher oxidation states prior to decompostion to form an active surface film, which is limited by solution conditions. This observation and restriction led to the exploration of ways to use surface‐protected Cu metal as a robust electrocatalyst for water oxidation. Formation of a compact film of CuO on Cu surface prevents anodic corrosion and results in sustained catalytic water oxidation. The Cu/CuO surface stabilization was also applied to Cu nanowire films, which are transparent and flexible electrocatalysts for water oxidation and are an attractive alternative to ITO‐supported catalysts for photoelectrochemical applications.     

Plasmonic refraction‐induced ultrahigh transparency of highly conducting metallic networks

We demonstrate a high optoelectronic performance and application potential of our random network, with subwavelength diameter, ultralong, and high‐quality silver nanowires, stabilized on a substrate with a UV binder. Our networks show very good optoelectronic properties, with the single best figure of merit of ∼1686, and excellent stability under harsh mechanical strain, as well as thermal, and chemical challenge. Our network transparency strongly exceeds the simple shading limit. We show that this transmission enhancement is due to plasmonic refraction, which in an effective medium picture involves localized plasmons, and identify the inhomogeneous broadening as the key factor in promoting this mechanism. Such networks could become a basis for a next generation of ultrahigh‐performance transparent conductors.

     

Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Films with 1,3‐Dimethyl‐2‐Imidazolidinone as Transparent Electrodes for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Highly conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films as transparent electrodes for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are doped with a new solvent 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone (DMI) and are optimized using solvent post‐treatment. The DMI doped PEDOT:PSS films show significantly enhanced conductivities up to 812.1 S cm⁻¹. The sheet resistance of the PEDOT:PSS films doped with DMI is further reduced by various solvent post‐treatment. The effect of solvent post‐treatment on DMI doped PEDOT:PSS films is investigated and is shown to reduce insulating PSS in the conductive films. The solvent posttreated PEDOT:PSS films are successfully employed as transparent electrodes in white OLEDs. It is shown that the efficiency of OLEDs with the optimized DMI doped PEDOT:PSS films is higher than that of reference OLEDs doped with a conventional solvent (ethylene glycol). The results present that the optimized PEDOT:PSS films with the new solvent of DMI can be a promising transparent electrode for low‐cost, efficient ITO‐free white OLEDs.

     

IPTO薄膜制备及其在有机光电器件中的应用

新型IPTO(Pr Ti O3掺杂In2O3)薄膜的可见光透过率及导电性可与商业化的ITO薄膜媲美。采用双源电子束设备制备了一种新型的IPTO透明导电薄膜,通过开尔文探针法测试,其功函数为5.14 e V。为验证新型IPTO透明导电阳极对有机电致发光器件性能的影响,将IPTO替代商业化ITO作为阳极制备了有机电致发光器件。基于IPTO阳极的器件的亮度最大值为85 140 cd/m2,外量子效率最大值为3.16%,分别为以ITO为阳极的器件的3倍及1.13倍。这种性能的改善是由于IPTO具有较小的表面粗糙度及较高的功函数,可以降低阳极的注入势垒,有利于电荷向有机层注入,改善了器件内的空穴及电子的注入平衡。     

HO3+ 杂Ge-In-Sb-S玻璃陶瓷光谱特性

采用熔融淬冷法和热处理工艺制备了系列掺Ho3+的透明G eS2-In2S3-Sb2S3硫系玻璃陶瓷.测试了Ho3掺杂的基质玻璃和玻璃陶瓷样品的密度、显微硬度、红外光谱以及在900 nm激光泵浦下的近红外及中红外荧光光谱.结果表明:热处理后样品析出的晶相为In2S3和Sb2S3颗粒的混合体,晶粒尺寸限制在～100 nm以...     

Radar transparent glass fabric reinforced polyetherimide/Cloisite 30B nanocomposites

High performance radar transparent materials (RTMs) are important materials for the fabrication of radomes, nosecones, etc. of high velocity aerospace vehicles. RTMs with good mechanical performance and temperature capability are required for such applications. Toward this, fabric reinforced nano‐reinforced matrix composites (FRNCs), using reinforcing E‐glass fabric in Cloisite 30B reinforced polyetherimide (PEI) nanocomposite matrix (GNRPEI), was prepared. The properties of GNRPEI were evaluated and compared with E‐glass fabric reinforced PEI composites (GRPEI) with special reference to their radar transparent character for aerospace applications. Tensile and flexural properties along with interlaminar shear strength of GRPEI were observed to be lower than those of GNRPEI. Thermal behavior of both the composites was similar in differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. But, in dynamic mechanical analysis, an increase in storage modulus and decrease in loss tangent were observed in GNRPEI compared to GRPEI. The values of dielectric constant and loss tangent of GNRPEI were lesser than those of GRPEI, but no significant difference was observed in the values of transmission and reflection losses for both the composites at 8–12 GHz frequency. FRNCs, based on organoclay reinforced PEI matrix, hold good promise as high performance RTMs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

n型透明导电薄膜CdIn2O4电学性质的研究和大面积制备的最佳条件

在Ar+O2₂气氛中，采用射频反应溅射Cd-In靶制备CdIn2₂O4₄ 薄膜.制得的薄膜经x射线衍射（XRD）检测为CdIn2₂O4₄和CdO相组成的多晶.从理论上分析了热 处理前后氧空位、掺杂点缺陷和富氧电子陷阱在影响膜的载流子浓度和电子散射中所起的重要作用.同时，对样品 进行Hall效应、Seebeck效应测试并得出不同载流子浓度下的迁移率、有效质量、弛豫时间以及它们之间的相互关系，特别强调     

Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-P_2O_5系统微晶玻璃受控析晶分析

应用DTA,XRD,SEM等手段研究了Li2O_Al2O3_SiO2_P2O5系统微晶玻璃的析晶过程和相组成。采用模拟计算方法考察了不同的析晶条件。引入适量的Al2O3等难熔物组分来改变析晶条件及残留玻璃相的组成和粘度。通过抑制主晶相(Li2O.2SiO2)晶粒的生长,最终获得了晶粒尺寸为0.1~0.3μm的透明微晶玻璃。     

Measuring the thickness and refractive index of a thick transparent plate by an unexpanded laser beam

The thickness and refractive index of a thick transparent plate are measured by using an unexpanded HeNe laser beam. The laser beam is incident at different angles onto the plate; and then two reflected beams; from the front and back surfaces; are received on a distant screen: the corresponding separations between them are measured. A theoretical relation between the refractive index; thickness; angle of incidence and separation is derived. This relation is experimentally verified and shows good agreement. The errors in the measured thickness and refractive index are analysed. The method is non-contact; non-destructive and low cost.     

Sol-Gel Deposited Sb-Doped Tin Oxide Films

The structural, electrical and optical properties of single sol-gel derived antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) films sintered at 550°C have been measured. The reproducibility of both the preparation and the characterization procedures have been tested by a round-robin test involving eight laboratories within a Concerted European Action (CEA) project. The resistivity measured as a function of Sb content has been obtained by electric and reflectance and transmission measurements. Their differences are discussed in terms of structural and grain boundary effects. An increase of Sb content results in a decrease of the crystallite size (7.0 to 5.4 nm) and a greater influence of the grain boundary.